Diabetes Mellitus is a pathologhine associated with the Endocrine Group of Diseases.It is associated with the disorder of the process of glucose assimilation.Develops due to order, insulin-insulin-insulin or relative deficiency - the hormone responsible for processing.In a patient with diabetes, hyperglycemia is found.
This situation is characterized by a continuous increase in glucose in plasma.The patient has violations of all types of metabolism: water salt, carbohydrate, protein, oil, mineral.The disease has a chronic course.Diabetes Mellitus refers to common diseases.It was found in almost 6% of the world's population.
Causes of diabetes
The reasons for the development of diabetics of the first and second species are different in patients.The first type of disease was found in young patients inhabited by thirty years.It occurs when insulin production is damaged by the violation, pancreas, autoimmame genesis.With this, there is a destruction of ß cell insulin.
In most patients, it happens after this pathological viral infection.Most epidemic traffic jams, local rubella, viral hepatitis.This pathological situation can also develop after the poisonous influence on the body with the following items: nitroconite, pesticides, some medications.
These substances help the immune response and the formation of outoimmi reactions.The effects of the langerganes of the pancreas of the changed immune cells lead to their death.In this regard, insulin production is declining.This situation is developing when more than 80% of these cells are affected.
In second type of disease, all cell insulin sensitivity occurs.The insulin level in the plasma has normal or increased, but the cells do not accept it.There are a majority of diabetics.Glucose tolerance is generated for the following reasons:
- Genetic tendency.Such patients have diabetic relatives.If both parents suffer from them, the likelihood of inherit to him is increasing by 70%.
- Obesity.In the body, insulin sensitivity decreases with a large amount of transition texture.
- Irrational nutrition.Simple carbohydrates grow in the risk of diabetes with a lack of fiber failure.
- Cardiovascular pathology.The severe forms of these diseases - atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, arterial hypertension cause the increase in insulin resistance.
- Chronic stress.In this case, the levels of Katecholamin and glucolamidoids increase.This helps the development of diabetes.
- Take medicine.The group of medicines that increase the risk of diabetes includes: Synthetic glucocorticoids, diuretics, part of antihypertensive drugs, sitostatics.
- Chronic deficiency of the adrenal cortex.This disease increases the risk of tissue insulin resistance.
As a result, glucose cells are reduced to the penetration and increase its level in the blood.
Symptoms of diabetes
- insatiable thirst;
- the rapid urine of dehydration;
- Dry mouth;
- increased fatigue;
- General weakness;
- Small skin lesions heal slowly;
- vomit;
- Continuous nausea;
- The smell of acetone from the patient;
- breathing tasks;
- heartbeat;
- Itching of the skin;
- to lose weight fast;
- frequently urine;
- To reduce visual acuity.
When these signs appear, you should consult a doctor to try blood sugar levels immediately.
Types of diabetes
Depending on the reasons, pathological is divided into several types.The following types of disease are different: type 1 diabetes, 2 types of diabetes, special forms and gestational diabetes.
Type 1 Diabetes
1 of the type occurs with the lack of insulin production in the body.This is a hormone that regulates glucose metabolism in tissues.His absence occurs due to the development of the pancreas to the beta cells due to the development of autoimmune reactions.
The immune system is damaged and produces antibodies against their own tissues of the body.This situation occurs after viral infections, after heavy stress and other negative factors.
The disease often happens in young people and children.There is a sudden start to the disease.Cells quickly find their symptoms in the position of hunger soon.Very high-level glucose is detected, often reaching 30 MMBOL / L in the blood.
1 variant of the disease is considered to be a Lada diabetes.This is an autoimmune diabetes that occurs with a secret course in the elegant, characteristic.A typical decrease in blood and normal weight for him.
2 Write diabetes
Insulin secretion with type 2 diabetes does not suffer.There is already a level of this hormone in the blood.The cells in the body will lose sensitivity to the movement of a substance.Patients develop insulin resistance.90% of all persons with diabetes are patients with second diseases.This version of Diabetes often develops in people who are obesity in 40 years.
The infectious diseases are found: atherosclerosis, arterial hypertension.There is a gradual start in the disease.His symptoms are scarce.Glucose levels rise to moderate.Antibers are not discovered for pancreas cells.This situation contributes to the patient's late appeals when complications appear.
Diabetes complication
Sharp and chronic complications of the disease.Acute complications grow rapidly and require an emergency hospitalization.These include the following states:
- Hypoglycemia.In this case, glucose levels are dramatically reduced.This occurs in doses of insulin, untimely food, physical tension.The patient has the hunger, the dizziness, sweating, sweating, until harassment.Then the consciousness is broken.
- Ketoacidosis.However, the level of glucose is growing.Does not enter cells and do not accumulate in the blood.The situation shows itself with the reduction of appetite, dry skin and thirst.Aceto's smell comes from the patient.It seems to be confused and drowsiness.
- Hyperosmolar coma.Characterized by the increase in blood glucose with overall dehydration.
- Lactarat-asidotic coma.The situation occurs in the elderly with the participation of respiratory and cardiovascular disorders due to oxygen hunger.
Patients with signs of this pathological conditions need emergency medical services.
Late complications, the lesions of the vein and nervous system are observed.Diabetic angiopathy is a massive defeat of blood vessels.Extend to any caliber ships.Microaniopathies cause the appearance of diabetic nephropathy and retinopathy.Macroagogiopathy is surprising in the heart of the heart, brain and arteries.
Diabetes diagnosis
If this disorder is suspected, the following works are determined:
- blood glucose levels;
- Urinary analysis for glucose and keton bodies;
- Glycosilated hemoglobin testing;
- C-peptide in the blood;
- Stress test (determination of glucose tolerance).
To determine the complications, the kidneys are defined by ultrasonic scans, brain eegi, revoensalography and rear veins of the legs.
Treatment of diabetes
The implementation of the doctor's recipes should be seriously observed.Blood sugar and drug treatment are carried out with this disease.These measures slow down the pathological process and avoid complications.
The treatment of pathology prevents the reduction of blood glucose, as well as normalization of metabolism and the development of complications.
Diet for diabetes
Dietotherapy is the basis of treatment.Diet, body weight, age, is determined by taking into account the level of physical activity.The principle of calculating the caloric content of patient containers is taught, it must contain the number of the number of them.
| What can be eaten | You can't eat |
|---|---|
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* Table offers an incomplete list of products.Consult a specialist to compile a proper and full diet.
The principle of a diet in this disease:
- You need to delete the products that quickly increase the concentration of blood glucose.This is the high content of starch, sugar, fructose.
- Reduce the total calorie content.Energy value of food is the number of calories spent.
- Six-Pillar diet needs to be observed.
It is important to eat regular food with diabetes.If the patient sticks to a diet then only allows you to improve this patient's condition.Only the power of strengthening the disease in a light form of the disease.
Using low -calorie foods is an advantage.They must be rich in protein, plant fiber and dietary fiber.
Limit many animal fats, fast carbohydrates, fructose products.Remove all products with a high glycemic index.Alcohol is also prohibited in diabetes.
Insulin therapy
The application of insulin is carried out according to the scheme recommended by the doctor.At the same time, glucose levels are systematically monitoring.Insulins are produced in three types: short movement, stretching, intermediate.
Long-term medicine is applied once a day.An individual selected scheme compliance for intermediate and short insulin allows you to get compensation for the disease.
Level of own -control glycemia
The self-glucose content in the blood is carried out daily.Modern glucometers allow you to do it everywhere - at home and in a convenient time.The device helps to design a balanced diet, to design a plan for physical activity, determine the time of insulin and drugs.Measurement reveals hypoglycemia and helps to normalize glucose concentration.
Ihaharasses
In tablets Sugar -Pushy agents are assigned to the second type of diabetes in addition to a diet.Such groups are different:
- Sulfonilmochevins derivatives- Pancreas striking insulin secretion, facilitates glucose cells;
- Biguanides- reduce glucose absorption in the intestinal wall;
- Meglitinides- Reduce sugar levels, stimulate insulin secretion;
- Alpha-glucosidaz inhibitors- Slows the growth of sugar levels and growth of ineffective enzymes to absorb the starch;
- thiazolidindo- Reduce the amount of sugar released from liver cells, increase the insulin sensibility of the cells.
It is important to control the patient's health and condition to prevent sharp changes in diabetes, glucose levels.
Prevention of diabetes
Patients with diabetes must be constantly observed with an endocrinologist - it will help you to properly organize a lifestyle, diet and necessary treatment.It is important to prevent the development of acute and chronic complications.Diabetes diabetics are recommended to increase the body's resistance to infections, and patients II do not allow the development of fat.
Opinion
Diabetes Mellitus is classified as serious diseases.In the absence of treatment, serious complications that threaten life are developing.If sugar signs appear, you must consult a doctor and not.